In a sense, a self-driving car might actually be easier to test for than complex software - at least parts of it. After all, normal (complex) software tends to

In a sense, a self-driving car might actually be easier to test for than complex software - at least parts of it. After all, normal (complex) software tends to have lots of in depth details you need to test for; and a surface area that's pretty irregular in the sense that it's hard to do generalized testing. Some bits can be fuzz tested, but usually that's pretty hard. It's also quite hard for a generalized test to recognize failure, which is why generalized test systems need lots of clever stuff like property testing and approval testing, and even then you're likely having low coverage. However, a self-driving car is amendable to testing in a sim. And the sim might be end-to-end, but it needn't be the only sim you use; the FSD system almost certainly has many separate components, and some of those might be easy to sim for too; e.g. if you have a perception layer you could sim just that; if you have a prediction system you might sim just that; etc. And those sims needed be full-sim runs either; if you have actual data feeds, you might even be able to take existing runs, and the extend them with sims; just to test various scenarios while remaining fairly close to real world. I'm sure there are tons of complexities involved; I don't mean to imply it's easy - but it's probably tractable enough that given the overall challenge, it's worth creating an absolutely excellent sim - and that's the kind of challenge we actually have tons of software experience for.