This assessment of the situation between C and Pascal appears very distorted. Below is a "blow by blow" comparison of C VS Pascal, using a 1989 version of C ve

This assessment of the situation between C and Pascal appears very distorted. Below is a "blow by blow" comparison of C VS Pascal, using a 1989 version of C versus a 1982 version of Pascal (thus excluding Turbo Pascal and Apple's Pascal). With C being the later version, Pascal still compared favorably. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Pascal_and_C https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Pascal_and_C Furthermore, Pascal evolved into Object Pascal (created by Apple in 1986, from a forerunner named Clascal in 1983). Borland very soon afterwards (also 1986) added similar Object Pascal extensions to their Turbo Pascal. Arguably Apple's Object Pascal and Borland's Turbo Pascal from the late 80s were the more feature rich and versatile language from that point, where only C++ could kind of compare (and it would have to play catch up). C# (born 2000) and Java (born 1995) didn't exist yet. If they compared the Object Pascal of 1989 to the C of 1989, a good case would be made for Pascal domination. Here is a highly restrictive comparison of Object Pascal versus C (using C99). Object Pascal is very much comparable to both C and C++ combined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Object_Pascal_and_C https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Object_Pascal_an... In regards to Brian Kernighan, it was a "hit piece". That paper had AT&T behind it (that's a smoking gun), where C and C++ were created. AT&T was actively competing against and trying to push Pascal out of the way. It was also AT&T that pushed the C and C++ language dominance in the market, because they were behind Unix too. At that time, AT&T was one of the biggest companies in the world. As an American company, they had critical relationships and connections with other American tech companies, as well as lots of money. Something a single Swiss computer scientist (Wirth) didn't. Niklaus Wirth, creator of Pascal and consultant on the Object Pascal creation team, has stated many times he embraced Pascal being used commercially too. His goal was both a well structured language for teaching and business.