There are some dual-purpose systems. E.g. ensuring New Orleans' pumps are in working condition, and a levee system is built to survive overtopping without coll

There are some dual-purpose systems. E.g. ensuring New Orleans' pumps are in working condition, and a levee system is built to survive overtopping without collapsing. The difference between a crisis and a catastrophe is how quickly mitigation kicks in after an event.