I always thought it was the responsibility of the OS to handle translations from 3rd party applications to machine level code. How could that go awry in, say, a

I always thought it was the responsibility of the OS to handle translations from 3rd party applications to machine level code. How could that go awry in, say, an orange-pi running armbian? Are there some applications that won't run because of the difference in hardware that the OS isn't accounting for?