Electrostatics generally require high voltage (the HASEL muscles you linked to require 2-20kV [0]) to generate usable force. This creates lots of engineering a

Electrostatics generally require high voltage (the HASEL muscles you linked to require 2-20kV [0]) to generate usable force. This creates lots of engineering and regulatory challenges for product development because, as the esteemed William Osman says, "Welcome to the world of high voltage, where everything's a wire and you're probably going to die" [1]. [0] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.201900178 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.201900... [1] https://youtu.be/IiJAq53knwc?t=288 https://youtu.be/IiJAq53knwc?t=288