Economics or more broadly, finance has its own vocabulary to describe concepts, just like tech, law, medicine or any other discipline. There is always domain k

Economics or more broadly, finance has its own vocabulary to describe concepts, just like tech, law, medicine or any other discipline. There is always domain knowledge in any field that is required for reasonable understanding. A country's central bank (The Fed) is not the same as the country (U.S.A.), or more specifically, the government of a country (PoTUS, Congress, ...Treasury). The central bank is an entity, like a company is an entity, that is lending to the Government, which is often more than one specific entity. The Public. It can be confusing in the same way that explaining how BGP is used to route TCP packets, across an IP network, with an AES representation of some data that can be used to store value. That said, money !== resources. The Fed does issue money which is exactly just 'money creation'. But... It issues bonds to show that other entities will hold the other side, or a 'loan' of the money just created. This money system was built into what it is now by the Medici: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici Niall Ferguson wrote a great book which gives a detailed history called 'The Ascent of Money'(2008). Niall's other books are worth a read too.