responding to: > protons have extremely strong bonds to the nucleus Protons are chemical shorthand for the H+ atomic ion. They are bound to the fluffy outer

responding to: > protons have extremely strong bonds to the nucleus Protons are chemical shorthand for the H+ atomic ion. They are bound to the fluffy outer electron shells of oxygen atoms in water. > If so, are there other such substances that conduct electricity with protons? This is basically how the inside of some fuel cells work (note that there is a counter-flow, which is the "useful electricity" of electrons that travels OUTSIDE the fuel cell, but inside of the fuel cell the electricity flow is via H+) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_...