Technically, they only need probable cause if they don't have the dogs with them. https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/can-police-use-dogs-sniff-drugs-no-wa

Technically, they only need probable cause if they don't have the dogs with them. https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/can-police-use-dogs-sniff-drugs-no-warrant.html https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/can-police-use-dogs-... He still should not have cooperated, of course. Any extra effort you force the cops to go through gives you some protection.