> Did the dog differentiate the scenarios based on intent or did it recognize my apologetic behaviour as non threatening? Apologetic behavior is a pretty good

> Did the dog differentiate the scenarios based on intent or did it recognize my apologetic behaviour as non threatening? Apologetic behavior is a pretty good post-facto signal of intent! Humans also rely on it with each other. So I'm not sure that relying on sort of secondary signals like that is a real problem for the theory that dogs can read and care about human intent.