Toyota has this figured out. After the 2011 quake they built a system to identify critical, difficult to replace parts in their supply chain and size buffers fo

Toyota has this figured out. After the 2011 quake they built a system to identify critical, difficult to replace parts in their supply chain and size buffers for those parts. Any they aggregate demand over larger time intervals than other manufacturers. They lasted 18 months into the pandemic shortages before they ran their buffers dry.