Sort of? It depends a lot on how you frame the question. To first-order, modern economics goes as the number of connections between nodes. There is quite a lot

Sort of? It depends a lot on how you frame the question. To first-order, modern economics goes as the number of connections between nodes. There is quite a lot of potential growth between the current status quo and the maximized economic state for a population at planetary carrying capacity (whatever that is). The things is, economies scale according to the sort of activities which are being conducted. Primitive agrarian economies are fairly linear. Modern economies are fairly exponential. There are many cases in between, and the degree of local self-sufficiency also varies greatly. Can economic growth last? Well, there are ups and downs. Events can create setbacks. Geographic localities can experience recession while the global picture is one of growth, and the same is true in the time domain. The current types of economic activities can probably show a general global trend of growth for quite some time to come. But in the long term, it is likely that a phase transition of some sort would occur, making the question rather moot. tl;dr: The answer depends heavily on how you frame the question.