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> Orange Business Service used the library when developing a nationwide authentication service for France since 2005 (mon service public). I was at France Tele

> Orange Business Service used the library when developing a nationwide authentication service for France since 2005 (mon service public). I was at France Telecom R&D in a team working in authentication, and remember clearly admiring the work of entre'ouvert. At the time, I tested Lasso [0] on my own computer but never used it in real projects. Colleagues also found it very interesting. I tested many similar open source framework, such as SimpleSamlPhP which we used (and give credit) in a European research project. There was also a US company making an authentication framework in Java. > My guess is a government contract like can go for 7 to low 8 figures. That's as far as possible to the reality. The French state is constantly broke, for example it argued of IT problems to delay military staff pay by several month and delay providers payment by a year (Louvois), while making a law that forbids the private sector to delay payments more than two months! It asked to Orange to work for free on many topics and it probably did the same at other big companies. Never do business with the French state! [0] https://lasso.entrouvert.org/ https://lasso.entrouvert.org/

derefr 5y ago
> The French state is constantly broke Is this an EU “we can’t set our own monetary policy, we have to ask the ECB nicely to do it for us” thing? Because the idea of a state [of a country whose populace are not, themselves, in an economic crisis] being unable to just make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), sounds very strange to my ears—almost harkening back to a gold-standard era, where states that couldn’t find precious metals to dig out of the ground could run out of raw materials to mint new coinage out of. Is it just that French treasury bonds aren’t valued at at-least-par on the market? Is the government of France a bad/risky investment in the eyes of mutual-fund portfolio managers, something not to base the stable part of their portfolios around? (If so, what do French portfolio-managers use as stability? Other governments’ T-bonds?) (HN is probably not the place to get into an answer of the level of detail appropriate to these questions, so I’d appreciate links to resources answering them!)
- jcelerier 5y ago
  > Because the idea of a state [of a country whose populace are not, themselves, in an economic crisis] being unable to just make up some money to give people but, it's a debt, it increases how broke is the state (in France it's super super badly seen to have any debt, even if financially it is considered an asset, socially the word "debt" is considered as an absolute evil)
  - baud147258 5y ago
    as French, I don't really see debt as an evil word (well, depends on the debt, perhaps: debt to buy an asset or realize a project, no, but debt that's taken on to pay for normal operations, like most of the debts of the French state, that's a little more problematic).
- raverbashing 5y ago
  > being unable to just make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), sounds very strange to my ears Yes, they are free to sell debt. Doesn't mean it's a good idea to just get yourself in ever increasing debt. > Is it just that French treasury bonds aren’t valued at at-least-par on the market? That's easy to google. And that is currently: > The France 10Y Government Bond has a -0.082% yield. http://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/country/france/ http://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/country/france/ (Germany is -0.433% and the US is 1.289% for 10Y) So it's not so much an issue of "being broke" but more of budget priorities
  - pjerem 5y ago
    > Yes, they are free to sell debt. Doesn't mean it's a good idea to just get yourself in ever increasing debt. A state is not a person and can get in debt indefinitely without never reimbursing capital since a state is immortal and can easily reimburse its previous debts with new credit. The only reason you, as a person, can not have that much debt is because the bank knows that you'll die, but rest assured they would gladly loan you millions if they knew you'd have revenues (taxes) forever. As a rule of thumb, it's wrong to think that a state should be managed like a home budget or like a company. They are very different (and complementary) economical actors with extremely different properties and goals. One could even argue that a state with too much spare assets can be seen as morally incorrect as long as unresolved socioeconomic issues exists. And they exists everywhere.
    - nybble41 5y ago
      States are no more "immortal" than corporations. Plenty of states have either ceased to exist or repudiated their debts, leaving their creditors without recourse. If a state allows its debt to keep compounding, eventually it will find itself spending every cent of taxes it's capable of raising just to service the interest on that debt—and if anything should happen to shake creditors' confidence in its ability and/or willingness to repay those loans then the government becomes unable to borrow new money to repay its old debts and the entire Ponzi scheme collapses in on itself. Oh, and issuing new currency to repay the loans is functionally equivalent to defaulting on the debt. Creditors will not lend to you if they expect that you may attempt to pay them back with money which is worth significantly less than what you originally borrowed. A smart creditor will just index the payments to something you can't easily manipulate.
- PoignardAzur 5y ago
  > Is this an EU “we can’t set our own monetary policy, we have to ask the ECB nicely to do it for us” thing? It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. What are you going to do, sue us?" thing. The French government is notoriously one of the worst employers in the country. Think unpaid overtime, hiring undocumented workers, low wages, arbitrary requirements, etc. It's not all bad, but french government agencies notoriously have a bit of a "labor laws don't apply to us" attitude.
  - JPLeRouzic 5y ago
    > It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. What are you going to do, sue us?" thing. The French government is notoriously one of the worst employers in the country. Think unpaid overtime, hiring undocumented workers, low wages, arbitrary requirements, etc. I think you made the best answer to explain my mind, thanks!
  - ElFitz 5y ago
    > It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. > It's not all bad, but french government agencies notoriously have a bit of a "labor laws don't apply to us" attitude. That is sooo true. They give themselves exemptions on so many of their own laws and rules. Just as an example, junior med students working all mornings in public hospitals are paid below both minimum wage and minimum internship compensation. In some hospitals, students realised they were paid less than the bonus security guards had for having a guard dog. They also run residents (7th+ years medical student) on schedules that violate both minimum recovery time and maximum weekly working hours. But they have their own special rule too. And that’s just the public health sector. It’s just so wonderful. I too wish I could make the rules for everyone.
  - xxpor 5y ago
    Really kind of funny/interesting how the US Federal Gov/US private sector are exactly swapped. The federal civil service (the military/intel agencies are a different story) has a very strong union and gov workers are very well known for doing exactly what is required, but nothing more ("good enough for government work"). Meanwhile, wage theft in the private sector is rampant.
- dragonwriter 5y ago
  > make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), That's borrowing money. Making up money to give people is monetizing government finance (print money, spend money, no borrowing), which states with their own fiat currency can also do but traditionally refrain from and pretend to be using a commodity currency that needs to be borrowed because it makes people more comfortable (even when central bank operations end up amounting to just making up money and tossing it into the economy, in a more opaque manner; its kept both opaque and segregated from financing state operations.)
  - Ericson2314 5y ago
    To make this more concrete, the money printer moment in the US is when the federal reserve (central bank) buys the treasury bonds. The cash spent is recorded as a liability, and the bond as an asset in the balance sheet. The cash is created out thin air. It's all far more complex than needs to be, as PP says. I like to imagine some Feynman diagram situation where electrons and positrons can spontaneously emerge in pairs. The circulating money and the debt in the central bank balance sheet are the complementary pairs. The "quantity of money" is a non-concept because only the "net charge"---which is 0 (!) in theory---is preserved. ----- The older mechanism is the treasury department making coins. The treasury department doesn't have any sort of corresponding "debt" written down when it does so. This is where the "trillion dollar coins" idea comes from. I suppose the net money is not actually 0, but whatever it was when we came off the gold standard? Who knows!
    - cs2733 5y ago
      > The cash is created out thin air. Isn't that the case with every loan?
      - Ericson2314 5y ago
        Yes! There are soft-money types that criticize charlatanism for characterizing the the government as too distinct from other credit-granting institutions (descriptively, not prescriptively). That said: 1. I am unaware of any fractional reserve requirement on the Fed, at least one that matters in practice. 2. I am unaware of any time frame in which the outstanding debt needs to be paid back. All this stuff is quite confusing though, I hope to understand the epicycles here more completely someday, if only to better argue the complexity is accidental, not essential.
Ragnarork 5y ago
> The french state is constantly broke I'm curious as to why you'd say that and generalize for contractor work. Just as an example, Thales has landed multiple (and sometimes in a shady manner it seems) juicy contracts with the french government. Just looking it up quickly, you can find a 263 millions euros contract for radios for example. [0] Mismanaged, I wouldn't argue, but it sure spends a lot and is definitely not broke. [0]. (in French) https://www.tradingsat.com/thales-FR0000121329/actualites/thales-thales-remporte-un-contrat-de-l-armee-francaise-pour-des-radios-214521.html https://www.tradingsat.com/thales-FR0000121329/actualites/th...
- PoignardAzur 5y ago
  Yeah, the idea that the French government can't pay for IT seems really odd to me. They can definitely pull out the big contracts. It's just a sector with a lot of entrenched interests and regulatory capture.
  - Ragnarork 5y ago
    I personally think on the contrary that the French overspends too much and get kinda milked by big IT companies such as Thales that bank on the fact that no-one on the administration side can evaluate how much the work they're requesting actually costs.
    - kergonath 5y ago
      Yeah, mismanagement of these large projects is more of an issue than a lack of budget.

derefr 5y ago

> The French state is constantly broke Is this an EU “we can’t set our own monetary policy, we have to ask the ECB nicely to do it for us” thing? Because the idea of a state [of a country whose populace are not, themselves, in an economic crisis] being unable to just make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), sounds very strange to my ears—almost harkening back to a gold-standard era, where states that couldn’t find precious metals to dig out of the ground could run out of raw materials to mint new coinage out of. Is it just that French treasury bonds aren’t valued at at-least-par on the market? Is the government of France a bad/risky investment in the eyes of mutual-fund portfolio managers, something not to base the stable part of their portfolios around? (If so, what do French portfolio-managers use as stability? Other governments’ T-bonds?) (HN is probably not the place to get into an answer of the level of detail appropriate to these questions, so I’d appreciate links to resources answering them!)

jcelerier 5y ago
> Because the idea of a state [of a country whose populace are not, themselves, in an economic crisis] being unable to just make up some money to give people but, it's a debt, it increases how broke is the state (in France it's super super badly seen to have any debt, even if financially it is considered an asset, socially the word "debt" is considered as an absolute evil)
- baud147258 5y ago
  as French, I don't really see debt as an evil word (well, depends on the debt, perhaps: debt to buy an asset or realize a project, no, but debt that's taken on to pay for normal operations, like most of the debts of the French state, that's a little more problematic).
raverbashing 5y ago
> being unable to just make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), sounds very strange to my ears Yes, they are free to sell debt. Doesn't mean it's a good idea to just get yourself in ever increasing debt. > Is it just that French treasury bonds aren’t valued at at-least-par on the market? That's easy to google. And that is currently: > The France 10Y Government Bond has a -0.082% yield. http://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/country/france/ http://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/country/france/ (Germany is -0.433% and the US is 1.289% for 10Y) So it's not so much an issue of "being broke" but more of budget priorities
- pjerem 5y ago
  > Yes, they are free to sell debt. Doesn't mean it's a good idea to just get yourself in ever increasing debt. A state is not a person and can get in debt indefinitely without never reimbursing capital since a state is immortal and can easily reimburse its previous debts with new credit. The only reason you, as a person, can not have that much debt is because the bank knows that you'll die, but rest assured they would gladly loan you millions if they knew you'd have revenues (taxes) forever. As a rule of thumb, it's wrong to think that a state should be managed like a home budget or like a company. They are very different (and complementary) economical actors with extremely different properties and goals. One could even argue that a state with too much spare assets can be seen as morally incorrect as long as unresolved socioeconomic issues exists. And they exists everywhere.
  - nybble41 5y ago
    States are no more "immortal" than corporations. Plenty of states have either ceased to exist or repudiated their debts, leaving their creditors without recourse. If a state allows its debt to keep compounding, eventually it will find itself spending every cent of taxes it's capable of raising just to service the interest on that debt—and if anything should happen to shake creditors' confidence in its ability and/or willingness to repay those loans then the government becomes unable to borrow new money to repay its old debts and the entire Ponzi scheme collapses in on itself. Oh, and issuing new currency to repay the loans is functionally equivalent to defaulting on the debt. Creditors will not lend to you if they expect that you may attempt to pay them back with money which is worth significantly less than what you originally borrowed. A smart creditor will just index the payments to something you can't easily manipulate.
PoignardAzur 5y ago
> Is this an EU “we can’t set our own monetary policy, we have to ask the ECB nicely to do it for us” thing? It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. What are you going to do, sue us?" thing. The French government is notoriously one of the worst employers in the country. Think unpaid overtime, hiring undocumented workers, low wages, arbitrary requirements, etc. It's not all bad, but french government agencies notoriously have a bit of a "labor laws don't apply to us" attitude.
- JPLeRouzic 5y ago
  > It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. What are you going to do, sue us?" thing. The French government is notoriously one of the worst employers in the country. Think unpaid overtime, hiring undocumented workers, low wages, arbitrary requirements, etc. I think you made the best answer to explain my mind, thanks!
- ElFitz 5y ago
  > It's more of a "Screw you, we make the rules. > It's not all bad, but french government agencies notoriously have a bit of a "labor laws don't apply to us" attitude. That is sooo true. They give themselves exemptions on so many of their own laws and rules. Just as an example, junior med students working all mornings in public hospitals are paid below both minimum wage and minimum internship compensation. In some hospitals, students realised they were paid less than the bonus security guards had for having a guard dog. They also run residents (7th+ years medical student) on schedules that violate both minimum recovery time and maximum weekly working hours. But they have their own special rule too. And that’s just the public health sector. It’s just so wonderful. I too wish I could make the rules for everyone.
- xxpor 5y ago
  Really kind of funny/interesting how the US Federal Gov/US private sector are exactly swapped. The federal civil service (the military/intel agencies are a different story) has a very strong union and gov workers are very well known for doing exactly what is required, but nothing more ("good enough for government work"). Meanwhile, wage theft in the private sector is rampant.
dragonwriter 5y ago
> make up some money to give people (in the form of e.g. T-bonds), That's borrowing money. Making up money to give people is monetizing government finance (print money, spend money, no borrowing), which states with their own fiat currency can also do but traditionally refrain from and pretend to be using a commodity currency that needs to be borrowed because it makes people more comfortable (even when central bank operations end up amounting to just making up money and tossing it into the economy, in a more opaque manner; its kept both opaque and segregated from financing state operations.)
- Ericson2314 5y ago
  To make this more concrete, the money printer moment in the US is when the federal reserve (central bank) buys the treasury bonds. The cash spent is recorded as a liability, and the bond as an asset in the balance sheet. The cash is created out thin air. It's all far more complex than needs to be, as PP says. I like to imagine some Feynman diagram situation where electrons and positrons can spontaneously emerge in pairs. The circulating money and the debt in the central bank balance sheet are the complementary pairs. The "quantity of money" is a non-concept because only the "net charge"---which is 0 (!) in theory---is preserved. ----- The older mechanism is the treasury department making coins. The treasury department doesn't have any sort of corresponding "debt" written down when it does so. This is where the "trillion dollar coins" idea comes from. I suppose the net money is not actually 0, but whatever it was when we came off the gold standard? Who knows!
  - cs2733 5y ago
    > The cash is created out thin air. Isn't that the case with every loan?
    - Ericson2314 5y ago
      Yes! There are soft-money types that criticize charlatanism for characterizing the the government as too distinct from other credit-granting institutions (descriptively, not prescriptively). That said: 1. I am unaware of any fractional reserve requirement on the Fed, at least one that matters in practice. 2. I am unaware of any time frame in which the outstanding debt needs to be paid back. All this stuff is quite confusing though, I hope to understand the epicycles here more completely someday, if only to better argue the complexity is accidental, not essential.

Ragnarork 5y ago

> The french state is constantly broke I'm curious as to why you'd say that and generalize for contractor work. Just as an example, Thales has landed multiple (and sometimes in a shady manner it seems) juicy contracts with the french government. Just looking it up quickly, you can find a 263 millions euros contract for radios for example. [0] Mismanaged, I wouldn't argue, but it sure spends a lot and is definitely not broke. [0]. (in French) https://www.tradingsat.com/thales-FR0000121329/actualites/thales-thales-remporte-un-contrat-de-l-armee-francaise-pour-des-radios-214521.html https://www.tradingsat.com/thales-FR0000121329/actualites/th...

PoignardAzur 5y ago
Yeah, the idea that the French government can't pay for IT seems really odd to me. They can definitely pull out the big contracts. It's just a sector with a lot of entrenched interests and regulatory capture.
- Ragnarork 5y ago
  I personally think on the contrary that the French overspends too much and get kinda milked by big IT companies such as Thales that bank on the fact that no-one on the administration side can evaluate how much the work they're requesting actually costs.
  - kergonath 5y ago
    Yeah, mismanagement of these large projects is more of an issue than a lack of budget.