I don't know the data (or this area particularly well generally), but intuitively I would expect induced demand to be seen in the majority of cases of roads bei

I don't know the data (or this area particularly well generally), but intuitively I would expect induced demand to be seen in the majority of cases of roads being updated for increased capacity. Not because of a necessity that any capacity increase must always cause it, but because the decisions of which roads to expand are made by humans who, with the exception of edge cases (maybe the reason for rebuilding was because of the state of the road and increased capacity was a secondary affect rather than the main motivation; maybe corruption led to a poor choice being made; maybe forward looking expecting future demand to increase years later based on other factors like planned new buildings) wouldn't spend money increase capacity unless road traffic has been increasing and looks like it is't about to start trending in the opposite direction soon enough to make expanding the road a pointless short-sighted exercise. Aka if increasing road capacity wouldn't induce more demand, how likely is it to be in a situation where it's considered worthwhile expanding it?