If you're only thinking about the already-there population, no. But many hospitals have patients that travel to get there. Building a Mayo Clinic hospital in A

If you're only thinking about the already-there population, no. But many hospitals have patients that travel to get there. Building a Mayo Clinic hospital in Arizona results in more sick people traveling there for care than otherwise would have. Seems like there are some natural ways this could cause a loop. Now we hire more doctors and train more new specialists. That burnishes the reputation even more. Now more people want to come! (One thing to note is that it's generally always a localized increase, not an absolute one. The people living in the new suburbs that you built a new shiny road to still would've lived SOMEWHERE in the country. You didn't increase that country's total demand for transit. You just redirected it into "road transit from this particular suburb" from wherever it would've gone in the absence of building that suburb.)