Editor of BMJ estimates about 20% of scientific publications are fraudulent. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudu

Editor of BMJ estimates about 20% of scientific publications are fraudulent. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudulent-until-proved-otherwise/ https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-hea... Fewer than half replicate. I would estimate a lot of that comes from softer research malpractice. Being confused about the value is a fair reaction. It is high; without scientific research, though, we wouldn't have vaccines or monoclonal antibodies. On the other hand, it is lower than assumed, and trusting individual papers and peer review processes is a mistake. How much value would Facebook have if it were your only source of information? A lot, actually. Imperfect information is valuable too.