If you are curious how Sam is creating these chips, he has a video [0] about his maskless [1] photolithography machine here. He built it ("cobbled it together",

If you are curious how Sam is creating these chips, he has a video [0] about his maskless [1] photolithography machine here. He built it ("cobbled it together", in his words) from a microscope and a DLP projector. The microscope is used in reverse, so he's feeding the image into the wrong end (i.e. where the ocular would be) and uses the optics to concentrate it onto the wafer. The DLP was modified by removing the color wheel because that attenuated the UV radiation that is wanted to cure the photoresist on the wafer. A lot of his equipment is home-built, which, as I would guess, saves him a lot of money. [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nxz_ENnmgtI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nxz_ENnmgtI [1] A photomask is a plate with the patterns of the features of the design that will be projected onto the wafer, see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask