Belated thank you. I've been chewing on your observations. You're absolutely right about the papercuts. I have to ponder the (lightweight) value objects stuff.

Belated thank you. I've been chewing on your observations. You're absolutely right about the papercuts. I have to ponder the (lightweight) value objects stuff. And > you can't express "nested" emptiness Spot on. I dislike all the current null mitigations: nullability (question marks), @nullable, Optional<?>. My hobby language takes a different path. All nulls are actually Null Objects (under the hood). So method chaining cannot break. re: type classes Ya, a nice reminder that I need to learn Haskel. Stuff like that is still beyond me. I hope innovators continue to noodle with more accessible Haskel, Ocaml, etc. Being late in my career, I'm motivated to create a better "blue collar" programming language for 99% of the work I've done. Meaning data processing. Ingest data, mostly strings, munge stuff, spit out results.