That is true about bad exams like the SAT and the GRE. And to be fair, even good exams (text problems that take the student on an adventure through deriving a c

That is true about bad exams like the SAT and the GRE. And to be fair, even good exams (text problems that take the student on an adventure through deriving a curious phenomenon, for instance) suffer as their results are confounded with whether you deal well with stress. However, it has long been trivial to make good exams that are explicitly not about memorization: take-home exams, open-book exams, exams in which collaboration is encouraged, project-based exams, some forms of oral exams, and more.