> Most of the carbon embodied in a car comes from the energy it takes to mine raw materials and process them into useful metals. Yes, and that is included in t

> Most of the carbon embodied in a car comes from the energy it takes to mine raw materials and process them into useful metals. Yes, and that is included in this estimate. Producing a tonne of steel emits 1.85t of CO2. The estimate for mining and processing is "just" 270kg/t: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324486263_Analysis_of_life-cycle_GHG_emissions_for_iron_ore_mining_and_processing_in_China-Uncertainty_and_trends https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324486263_Analysis_... This pales in comparison to the 20 tonnes of fuel a typical car is going to work itself through throughout its lifetime. And all this fuel has to be first extracted and refined.