The EU has a federated public key cryptography based identity system. The member states recognize identities issued by other member states, but there is no cent

The EU has a federated public key cryptography based identity system. The member states recognize identities issued by other member states, but there is no central system. In any case, the private key is stored on a plastic ID, only released with a PIN, and the databases only store the corresponding public key. A leak of a public key without the private key is harmless. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDAS https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIDAS