So it seems the Byzantines preferred to mutilate when most other civilizations preferred to mutilate-execute. In nearly all cases political mutilation was only

So it seems the Byzantines preferred to mutilate when most other civilizations preferred to mutilate-execute. In nearly all cases political mutilation was only carried out for High Treason, a crime nearly every civilization throughout history has punished with its most gruesome torture-executions. E.g. William Wallace was "hanged, drawn, and quartered" which included having his penis cut off and burned while he watched, then his bowels cut out of his belly and burned while he watched....