You can’t ignore one of the main relative advantages of batteries (very high round trip efficiency) in this discussion and arbitrarily use the heating value of

You can’t ignore one of the main relative advantages of batteries (very high round trip efficiency) in this discussion and arbitrarily use the heating value of hydrogen without taking the relatively low efficiency into account. Skews the discussion. And hydrogen is produced via electricity, so I’m not skewing the discussion at all. Round trip efficiency of battery is 90-95% (can be higher). Round trip for hydrogen (ie electrolysis & then storage and then fuel cell conversion back to electricity), including cooling (required for fast refueling) and compression, is about 25-40%. Even when that hydrogen is already in your tank, you only get about 60% of the energy out of it in useful energy. Heck, in California, hydrogen stations typically are only 33% renewable with most of it being gray hydrogen (9.3kg of CO2 per kg of gray hydrogen, not counting liquefaction), which makes hydrogen cars even at $10-14/kg, worse for the environment than even just random electric cars (although many EVs use primarily nuclear or renewables). And while electric cars can have distribution losses, they’re pretty low, ie single-digit percent. But hydrogen stations are almost always refueled by truck, which has its own inefficiencies, and the stations also must constantly maintain the hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures to be ready to fuel. Also, some new stations get fuel delivered as liquid hydrogen, which is denser than compressed and therefore easier to transport, but liquefying 1kg of hydrogen (and converting it to para-hydrogen, which is normal) requires about 10-13kWh of electricity… which could send a Model 3 about 40-50 miles. So you almost can get further on an electric car on just the energy needed to distribute the kilogram of hydrogen as the hydrogen car can get by consuming that kilogram! It’s pretty bad. Hydrogen for transport just doesn’t make much sense except for niche use cases. Maybe the last 10% of air transport that proves electrification-resistant or certain long distance ships or rockets.