> Should they not try and spot-optimize common cases where they can, just for the sake of predictability? No, I don't think so. And so I don't know what the ans

> Should they not try and spot-optimize common cases where they can, just for the sake of predictability? No, I don't think so. And so I don't know what the answer is. I just often (and even more so when I was new to it) find myself surprised by Rust's general-rules-that-actually-have-notable-exceptions. Though who knows, maybe it's just not possible to make a language this powerful that doesn't run into this problem. I think the industry as a whole has already accepted "try to optimize common cases on a best-effort basis, at the cost of unpredictable performance cliffs in unusual cases" as the default paradigm. From multi-tiers JITs, auto-vectorizing, all the way down to branch prediction, source code is a leaky abstraction. If you don't care about performance, you still get the benefits most of the time. If you do care, then you need to peel back the abstraction and have a good understanding of what the compiler/JIT/CPU does behind the scenes.