> Because in the EU [apps] are required after the PSD2 directive mandated "strong" auth requirements. No. I recently set up an elderly neighbours online banki

> Because in the EU [apps] are required after the PSD2 directive mandated "strong" auth requirements. No. I recently set up an elderly neighbours online banking access. She has a laptop for some clerical work and email, but uses a dumbphone only. All the bigger banks I have been using offer a hardware device to generate authentication codes. These usually come with some sort of camera (there are multiple systems) that reads a code of the screen and they require a your bank card. I am sure not all the banks offer this, but it's so much better than some stupid app.