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I don't think most sciences use "formal" proof. Maths & Computer science do.

• dgb23 5y ago
  Microeconomics uses formal logic and deduction, typically given assumptions and definitions around rational actors. I’m a layman but my partner is studying economics and I help her out a bit with logic and math stuff when it comes up, but I don’t know how prevalent these concepts are beyond academics.
• myWindoonn 5y ago
  Every hard science uses statistics, a formal branch of pure maths, in order to justify why its models are decent at predicting real-world phenomena. The proofs usually flow backwards from how you're imagining; statisticians create new proofs which put constraints on modeling, and those constraints are used to rule out bogus scientific results.
  • UK-Al05 5y ago
    Yes, but the scientists aren't trained to create those proofs. But they use them.