I think that’s much harder to study whether or not it’s a “choice” because the scales of choice are extremely biased. For example if someone is dealing with dee

I think that’s much harder to study whether or not it’s a “choice” because the scales of choice are extremely biased. For example if someone is dealing with deep trauma, addiction may be a way of preventing extremely distressing or suicidal behavior by numbing or overwhelming the agony. If the choice is “I’m going to kill myself tonight” and “I’m going to drink until I don’t feel anything anymore and will probably live to see tomorrow” then the choice is really stacked towards alcohol.