From Farmer & Cook, "Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis" (2013): http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/71566/1/G.%20Thomas%20Farmer.pdf http:/

From Farmer & Cook, "Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis" (2013): http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/71566/1/G.%20Thomas%20Farmer.pdf http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/71566/1/G.%20... > 23.4.5 Corporate Vested Interests > While the driving force behind climate denial is ideology, the denial movement has received significant financial support from corporate vested interests. Specifically, this involves fossil fuel industries whose profits are threatened by regulation of carbon dioxide emission. Vested interests have funded the dissemination of climate misinformation, by funding a number of conservative think tanks responsible for producing climate denial material (Jacques et al. 2008). > In 1991, the Western Fuels Association combined with a number of other fossil fuel related associations and institutes to produce a series of campaigns casting doubt on climate science (Hoggan 2009). These included a video extolling the positive benefits of carbon dioxide, with hundreds of free copies distributed to public and university libraries. > In the decade after the Kyoto Protocol was introduced in 1997, Exxon-Mobil invested more than $20 million in think tanks that promoted climate denial. This inspired the Royal Society of London to challenge Exxon-Mobil to stop funding organizations that disseminated climate denial. > An investigation by Greenpeace has revealed that from 1997 to 2008, the oil, chemical and polluting corporations of Koch Industries has contributed over $48 million to front groups that cast doubt on climate science (Greenpeace 2011). Ironically, they also funded the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST) study, an independent project that purported to check other surface temperature records by NASA and HadCRUT. The BEST results confirmed the other temperature records, finding a nearly identical global warming trend. Sources: * Jacques, P. J., Dunlap, R. E., & Freeman, M. (2008). The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism. Environmental Politics, 17, 349–385. * Hoggan, J. (2009). Climate cover-up. Vancouver: Greystone Books. * Greenpeace (2011). Koch industries secretly funding the climate denial machine. Captured on 5 June from http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/3/koch-industries-secretly- http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/3/koch-... fund.pdf