I can speak to the Netherlands that this summary may not be the whole truth. As a non-EU non-citizen, I could vote for the water board after being here for one

I can speak to the Netherlands that this summary may not be the whole truth. As a non-EU non-citizen, I could vote for the water board after being here for one year (the water board is important but imo not interesting), the city council after five years, but never the national elections without naturalisation. And as it doesn't allow (with some exceptions) dual citizenship, that'll probably remain never. In comparison to where I came from (New Zealand), there you can vote in all elections if you have permanent residency, have lived there for more than a year, and have been in the country within the past one year. For citizens, you need to have been in the country within the past three years.