> once the field became seen as something more than a secretarial position. It's not just perception; "Computers" used to refer to employees performing calcula

> once the field became seen as something more than a secretarial position. It's not just perception; "Computers" used to refer to employees performing calculations manually for numerical methods. Then "Computer Operators" were secretaries translating assembly instructions written on paper into the correct octal code to punch on cards to feed the machine. They got the instructions from engineers. The teletype made their work obsolete, but you can still see the demographic shift in "Computer Related Occupations" as aggregated on government data.