3 ms·
Primary frequency reserve kicks in to automatically throttle back dynamic sources. Typical throttle rate is 100% throttle response per 5% frequency deviation.
by brandmeyer 5y ago
Primary frequency reserve kicks in to automatically throttle back dynamic sources. Typical throttle rate is 100% throttle response per 5% frequency deviation. Inertia (both real and virtual) just slows down the system response enough that PFR will be effective. Just about every steam plant, combined-cycle plant, and gas-turbine plant participates in PFR. There have been proposals for inverter-connected systems to participate as well, but I don't know how common it is in practice.
Once upon a time the rated load-step response for a sub-grid in the US was a step-off transient of a nuclear power site going off-line.
- guerby 5y agoThanks for your reply. Is the Hornsdale Power Reserve "participating" in this mechanism? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsdale_Power_Reserve https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsdale_Power_Reserve Since it's a Lithium battery I assume it's "inverter-connected".
- brandmeyer 5y agoAt that scale, they may be doing more interesting things, like participating in whatever passes for a spot market, or even time-of-day arbitrage. There is considerable variation region-to-region, but a common pattern is for the spot market to clear every 15 minutes to provide secondary frequency reserve, with a day-ahead market that clears 24 hours in advance, and a wide range of futures markets that build on the day-ahead market.