And is the penalty low? China is not known for low penalties. This article from 2018 said they were upping checks and penalties for academic fraud: https://www

And is the penalty low? China is not known for low penalties. This article from 2018 said they were upping checks and penalties for academic fraud: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-science-idUSKCN1IW01O https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-science-idUSKCN1IW0... This article says that a researcher was punished. The investigation found no plagiarism but did find ethics violations, so even ethic boards are a thing in Chinese academia nowadays. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1006745/top-chinese-scientists-cleared-of-academic-fraud%2C-still-punished https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1006745/top-chinese-scientist...