I think the issue is that management is not done scientifically. You can see this with something as estimating for a project. Higher ups just ask “how many hour

I think the issue is that management is not done scientifically. You can see this with something as estimating for a project. Higher ups just ask “how many hours and when can you get it done” - they don’t want you to go through past similar work review it’s timeliness and hours, divide it into smaller tasks, build a project schedule, review productivity trends and resource loadings, or any scientific way of arriving at the number. What they really want is a seat of the pants WAG, which isn’t too big to scare the client, that they can use to get going, with the understanding that shit happens along the way.