Individuals and companies need permits from their respective governments, but the governments can launch (or permit their citizens/companies to launch) pretty m

Individuals and companies need permits from their respective governments, but the governments can launch (or permit their citizens/companies to launch) pretty much anything they want that does not disrupt other countries spacecraft and does not fall on their land. They can also deny permits for any arbitrary reasons, though multinational companies might seek another "flag nation" in that case.