When a ressource gets rares, prices go up. This drives big incentives to work on substitutes, recycling, higher efficiency, etc. Ex: People were predicting Pea

When a ressource gets rares, prices go up. This drives big incentives to work on substitutes, recycling, higher efficiency, etc. Ex: People were predicting Peak Oil is the end of our civilisation. Turns out there is plenty of oil deep in the seabed if you are willing to pay $100 per barrel. In turn, $100 barrel push hard on consumers to use more efficient vehicles. Market prices are a powerful signal that causes everyone to adapt.