I think this is fundamental to human linguistics in general, not unique to written text. People communicate differently in different places, even when speaking

I think this is fundamental to human linguistics in general, not unique to written text. People communicate differently in different places, even when speaking the same language or just using non-verbal queues. The only real difference on the internet is that it's less clear which culture you're in or if you're even in a different culture. Two examples from real life: There was an article on here recently about why Russians don't smile. In their culture a smile signals laughter not happiness/friendliness. So when you smile at a stranger there to be friendly they think you're laughing at them. Swearing. I come from Scotland where the words fuck and cunt are considered normal language by many (not all). If a friend told me an unlikely story I would exclaim 'fuck off' in disbelief and they would understand that I was disbelieving/amused. But If I reacted that way to most Americans I know they'd take offence thinking I was angry at them. The way that emojis and grammar are used differently across the internet is fundamental to how human groups create their own linguistic protocols. Trying to use emojis less rather than just spreading understanding of differences is a mistake in my opinion.