I don't know if I would argue it applies to tech, but the economic term for this is a "natural monopoly", a market where the most efficient outcome is to have a

I don't know if I would argue it applies to tech, but the economic term for this is a "natural monopoly", a market where the most efficient outcome is to have a single supplier. A common example is electrical transmission, since it wouldn't make sense to have 3 separate overlapping distribution networks. These are typically allowed to exist by regulation and controlled in some way, for example there is the common carrier concept for electrical transmission.