I agree that some processes are top down. My point was just that the choice to learn a national or global language is often bottom up. I think saying "US cultu

I agree that some processes are top down. My point was just that the choice to learn a national or global language is often bottom up. I think saying "US culture is awful" weakens your point. US culture is extremely diverse, from The Rock to Jeff Koons. It's also central to the twentieth century. Dismissing it all as awful doesn't make much sense.