Nothing about your first quote shows Egypt in any kind of mess. Your second quote ends over a century before the British protectorate, and at best pushes the bl

Nothing about your first quote shows Egypt in any kind of mess. Your second quote ends over a century before the British protectorate, and at best pushes the blame onto Portugal or the Ottomans. You seem to be condensing centuries of history into only the worst parts. Yes, bad things happened before colonialism. Colonialism was still horrible.