I can't speak for those other disciplines, but I'd flip the question -- how valuable, really, is the act of "determining the source of the work, via proctored e

I can't speak for those other disciplines, but I'd flip the question -- how valuable, really, is the act of "determining the source of the work, via proctored exams" when the goal is "ensuring that students learn." This is just an ongoing arms race, and other ways have to be experimented with. Again, the biggest stupidity is "discouraging collaboration." I teach web design and some programming, and FAR AND AWAY the best thing I've done is "get all my students on discord and encourage them to help each other on their assignments." I set up a "make sure your website has this and this; content is up to you." And I end up with 40-50 different very cool websites, and I've gotten a pretty good sense that learning takes place because I'm in the chat too.