Yeah - and when the first single-chip CPUs were made, they were extremely cut-down. Forget about TLBs and operating modes - the intel 4004 didn’t even have hard

Yeah - and when the first single-chip CPUs were made, they were extremely cut-down. Forget about TLBs and operating modes - the intel 4004 didn’t even have hardware interrupts! They had to dispense with any kind of interrupt-driven IO and instead had to poll hardware. It was a big challenge getting an entire CPU on a single chip back then. Arguably, every single microprocessor from the 4004 to the 386 was just restoring features that the minicomputers originally had.