A lot of -isms are "hidden" -- for example, a manager might be saying to everyone that they do not discriminate, but in practice, they'll never choose people of

A lot of -isms are "hidden" -- for example, a manager might be saying to everyone that they do not discriminate, but in practice, they'll never choose people of certain race for promotions. For human managers, this can be hard to prove, especially if they do not promote people very often. But for algorithms, it is much easier -- multiple people can inspect the source code for suspicious logic. And even if this is some sort of impenetrable AI model, you can still run it with different inputs, and check if the output changes if you change the input race.