Well, the biggest difference is probably scale. Amazon has roughly 10x the number of direct employees as Microsoft spread throughout a much wider range of job t

Well, the biggest difference is probably scale. Amazon has roughly 10x the number of direct employees as Microsoft spread throughout a much wider range of job types. Some of this is inherent due to what Amazon's business is, but a big chunk of it is that Microsoft outsources essentially every job that's not at the absolute core of their business. Anything outside of that is outsourced to vendors. Microsoft's management of these vendors is basically "make us happy as cheaply as possible or you're fired" and the results for the employees of those companies is about what you'd expect.