There’s no categorical difference between Knight and Vanguard. If Vanguard fucks up its trading, the exchange is not under any obligation to make it right. The

There’s no categorical difference between Knight and Vanguard. If Vanguard fucks up its trading, the exchange is not under any obligation to make it right. The only difference is that Knight was a lot more aggressive in terms of pushing the envelope on its algorithms to reap excess profit. I’m sure Vanguard is a lot more politically sympathetic, but I’d trust that “guarantee” a hell of a lot less than I’d trust battle tested software. Say the fund managers running your 401k decided to say “fuck it, turn off all the circuit breakers.” Would you just shrug your shoulders and say “no worries, I’m sure FINRA’s got my back if anything goes wrong. Blindly trusting the people running institutions to keep you safe is as misguided as assuming that all software is infallible .