Even that has an "algorithm" behind it - they have to manage inflows & outflows, the heartbeat trades if it's an ETF, etc. Vanguard doesn't have a person sitti

Even that has an "algorithm" behind it - they have to manage inflows & outflows, the heartbeat trades if it's an ETF, etc. Vanguard doesn't have a person sitting there buying a little bit of AAPL every time someone invests in VTSAX. OP is trying to say that even something as simple as VTSAX could have a problem and, I don't know, accidentally sell all its AAPL and so it's proof that even for the current market there are rules that govern. Except, of course, if VTSAX dumped all their AAPL somehow the trade would be unwound, as trades occasionally are. Selling stock on the market is not nearly as irreversible as it may seem.