Users are also victims: captcha walls are basically an anti-scrapper countermeasure, which everybody pays for in reduced web usability. "Proof of work" style c

Users are also victims: captcha walls are basically an anti-scrapper countermeasure, which everybody pays for in reduced web usability. "Proof of work" style countermeasures (where data has to be decoded browser-side in expensive ways that are bearable for a regular user but onerous for a mass scraper) is another externality everybody pays for (the total amount of CPU wasted by regular users is at the system level a total waste). Login walls...