The answer to your first question is yes. You can see that in the types. fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b The `a` becomes a `b` (which could be a different ty

The answer to your first question is yes. You can see that in the types. fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b The `a` becomes a `b` (which could be a different type but not necessarily), but the `f` is the same `f`.