Bitcoin came from an independent researcher. That's the polar opposite of a corporate research arm. I'd guess that most innovation comes from startups and smal

Bitcoin came from an independent researcher. That's the polar opposite of a corporate research arm. I'd guess that most innovation comes from startups and smaller companies that get acquired, or iterative product development that aligns with a company's primary focus (iPod, Office, Ford's electric pickup) and not from dedicated experimentation organisations. Corporations are poorly setup to benefit from innovation anyway. The funding model doesn't encourage the right incentives, and true innovation becomes political. A classic example is Kodak's early invention of the digital camera, which was a threat to the companies cash cow.