I've lived in a city that imposed a hard border in 1934 and has kept it since then. It left enough space to grow outwards for decades, but not any more, and it

I've lived in a city that imposed a hard border in 1934 and has kept it since then. It left enough space to grow outwards for decades, but not any more, and it does concentrate growth inwards quite strongly now. I think the most important aspect here is that this is a well-known city and the policy is uncontroversial to the point of being unknown. People who live there take it for granted, people who don't haven't heard of it. The city is in the rich world, close to a million people live there if you include the suburbs, it's had this policy for almost ninety years, you (the reader) consider yourself knowledgeable about the world, and you don't know which city it is unless I tell you (rot13: Bfyb). That's how uncontroversial such a rule is, once it's in place.