This is the power of the price system and markets. If there is increased demand, with limited supply, prices rise. This, in turn, incentivizes the creation of s

This is the power of the price system and markets. If there is increased demand, with limited supply, prices rise. This, in turn, incentivizes the creation of supply (and supply of substitutes to the extant that is feasible). For your example, at high enough prices, some doctors will change specialties, forms of automation will be encouraged. Teams of practitioners will be formed that allow the doctors to do back-to-back procedures while others like nurses handle preparations, medical tourism will occur while some seek out potentially less-trained doctors in countries will better supply or lower-regulation. More will be encouraged to go into medicine, alternatives like medicine will be investigated, fake-cures will be promulgated from the unscrupulous.