In these discussions, there's often conflation between absolute improvements across society and ability of society to alter the rank ordering of students (or cu

In these discussions, there's often conflation between absolute improvements across society and ability of society to alter the rank ordering of students (or cut variance between students). Various environmental improvements have improved the former over time; not so much the latter (assuming that's the goal). See https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/education-doesnt-work https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/education-doesnt-work for a deep discussion on this.